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Rainbow Acres Cactus
& Succulent Nursery
What is a Succulent?
Succulents are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water. These plants can be found in dry, arid climates where rainfall is infrequent, so they rely heavily on this retained water, as well as on dew and mist to survive in between rains. The word succulent comes from the Latin word sucus, meaning 'juice', or 'sap'. Succulent plants may store water in various structures, such as leaves, stems, sometimes even roots. Cacti are considered a succulent plant, but as our founder, Sherry Baker always says, “All cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti.”
The difference between a cactus and any other succulent plant is simple. Cactus spines form in clusters on each areole, which is often a dark-colored bump on the surface of the plant containing a kind of hole from which the spines protrude. These spines create a microhabitat of humidity that reduces air movement around the plant and helps it to stay cool and hydrated. The spines are also a helpful tool to protect against predators. Some succulents are mistaken for cacti just because they have small thorns or spines. Succulents can produce spines or thorns without being considered cacti, because the spines grow from the skin itself, rather than from areoles (example: Agave, Euphorbia)
General Succulent Care
While specific care tips differ according to variety, the biggest rule of thumb when it comes to keeping your succulents alive and happy is to make sure the potting mix is completely dried out before watering. This usually equates to once or twice per week, depending on the drainage, humidity, temperature, and sunlight that each plant is getting. It can also depend on the specific plant, as some like more water than others do.
Generally, when you water your succulents give them a nice heavy soak (misting them does not give them enough water) and then do not water again until the soil has completely dried out. If the leaves begin to feel soggy or mushy, your plant is likely being over watered. If the leaves look shriveled and begin to rapidly dry up and fall off, it is likely being under watered. If you plan on keeping your plant in a pot, make sure there is a hole in the bottom for drainage.
Most succulents and cacti love bright light, but not always direct sunlight. Some prefer more sun than others do. In Hawai’i, they typically like to be outside either planted in a garden bed, rock wall, or kept in pots. If you are keeping them as indoor plants, be sure to have them near big, bright windows to get as much sunlight as possible. You can tell if your plants aren’t getting enough sunlight if the leaves start to stretch or the flesh begins to pale.
A well-draining potting mix and container are also essential to the survival of any cactus or succulent. Sand, pumice, perlite, potting soil, or a mix of any of these are common media to plant in. Consider filling the bottom of your container with rocks or gravel so water can drain away from the roots and soil.